FreeTDS User Guide
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# FreeTDS
User Guide

## A Guide to Installing, Configuring, and Running FreeTDS

### Brian Bruns

### James K. Lowden

### Frediano Ziglio

Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Brian Bruns and James K. Lowden

Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 Frediano Ziglio

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.

List of Tables

3.1. Versions of the TDS Protocol, by Product
3.2. What Version of the TDS Protocol Should I use with Microsoft SQL Server?
3.3. `freetds.conf` settings
3.4. Valid bitmask values for `debug flags` entry in `freetds.conf`
4.1. Connection attributes used only in connection strings
4.2. Connection attributes that may appear in `odbc.ini`
5.1. pool.conf settings
11.1. `DB-Library` API Implementation Summary
11.2. `CT-Library` API Implementation Summary
11.3. `ODBC` API Implementation Summary
11.4. Kinds of Results
11.5. Result-fetching functions
11.6. Data-fetching functions
11.7. Putting it all together
B.1. Services Line

List of Examples

3.1. A `freetds.conf` file example
3.2. Show compile-time settings with tsql
3.3. Failure to find `servername` in `freetds.conf`
3.4. Failure to resolve hostname for `servername`
3.5. Failing to connect with tsql
3.6. Getting instance information with tsql
3.7. Using the wrong protocol for the server
3.8. Login failure
3.9. Connect with tsql using a hostname and port number
4.1. Sample files for a DSN-less configuration
4.2. Connecting with a DSN-less configuration
4.3. Connecting with a DSN-less configuration that does not use `freetds.conf`
4.4. Sample ODBC-only `odbc.ini` file
4.5. Sample ODBC-combined `odbc.ini` file
4.6. Sample ODBC-combined `freetds.conf` file
4.7. Compile `odbctest` without a driver manager.
4.8. Use osql to test the ODBC setup.
5.1. Configuring for GREEK `freetds.conf` setting
5.2. Configuring for UTF-8 `freetds.conf` setting
5.3. Logging in with a domain login
5.4. Sample `odbcinst.ini` for threading model
5.5. Sample `odbc.ini` for threading model
5.6. Turning on Dump File Append mode in `freetds.conf`
5.7. pool.conf
7.1. The SQSH Makefile
7.2. Building `DBD::ODBC`
7.3. Connect to a server with `DBD::ODBC`
7.4. Building `DBD::Sybase`
7.5. Connect to a server with `DBD::Sybase`
7.6. PHP and `DB-Library` for “Sybase”
8.1. Finding the server's host
8.2. Finding the server
8.3. Connecting to the server, bypassing `freetds.conf`
8.4. Connecting to the server using `freetds.conf`
11.1. Building the Sample Code
11.2. Sample Code: `DB-Library` header files
11.3. Sample Code: `DB-Library` prolog
11.4. Sample Code: `DB-Library` Initialize
11.5. Sample Code: `DB-Library` Connect to the server
11.6. Sample Code: `DB-Library` Send a query
11.7. Sample Code: `DB-Library` Fetch Results
11.8. Sample Code: `DB-Library` Error and Message handlers
A.1. Missing library name
A.2. Library not found
B.1. An `interfaces` file example
C.1. “HELLO” in UCS-2 and UTF-8

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