# Class HttpResponse.BodySubscribers

java.lang.Object
java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodySubscribers

Enclosing interface:
  `HttpResponse<T>`

public static class HttpResponse.BodySubscribers extends Object
Implementations of `BodySubscriber` that implement various useful subscribers, such as converting the response body bytes into a String, or streaming the bytes to a file.

The following are examples of using the predefined body subscribers to convert a flow of response body data into common high-level Java objects:

    // Streams the response body to a File
    HttpResponse<Path> response = client
      .send(request, responseInfo -> BodySubscribers.ofFile(Paths.get("example.html"));

    // Accumulates the response body and returns it as a byte[]
    HttpResponse<byte[]> response = client
      .send(request, responseInfo -> BodySubscribers.ofByteArray());

    // Discards the response body
    HttpResponse<Void> response = client
      .send(request, responseInfo -> BodySubscribers.discarding());

    // Accumulates the response body as a String then maps it to its bytes
    HttpResponse<byte[]> response = client
      .send(request, responseInfo ->
         BodySubscribers.mapping(BodySubscribers.ofString(UTF_8), String::getBytes));

API Note:

  Some body implementations created by body subscribers may allow response bytes to be streamed to the caller. These implementations are typically `AutoCloseable` and may need to be explicitly closed in order for the resources associated with the request and the client to be eventually reclaimed. Some other implementations are publishers which need to be subscribed in order for their associated resources to be released and for the associated request to run to completion.

Since:
  11

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `static <T> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T>`
  `buffering(HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> downstream, int bufferSize)`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` which buffers data before delivering it to the given downstream subscriber.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void>`
  `discarding()`
  Returns a response subscriber which discards the response body.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void>`
  `fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber<? super String> subscriber)`
  Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`, line by line.
  `static <S extends Flow.Subscriber<? super String>, T>
  HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T>`
  `fromLineSubscriber(S subscriber, Function<? super S, ? extends T> finisher, Charset charset, String lineSeparator)`
  Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`, line by line.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void>`
  `fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber<? super List<ByteBuffer>> subscriber)`
  Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`.
  `static <S extends Flow.Subscriber<? super List<ByteBuffer>>, T>
  HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T>`
  `fromSubscriber(S subscriber, Function<? super S, ? extends T> finisher)`
  Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`.
  `static <T> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T>`
  `limiting(HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> downstreamSubscriber, long capacity)`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` that limits the number of body bytes that are delivered to the given `downstreamSubscriber`.
  `static <T,U> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<U>`
  `mapping(HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> upstream, Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper)`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` whose response body value is that of the result of applying the given function to the body object of the given `upstream` `BodySubscriber`.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<byte[]>`
  `ofByteArray()`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` which stores the response body as a byte array.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void>`
  `ofByteArrayConsumer(Consumer<Optional<byte[]>> consumer)`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` which provides the incoming body data to the provided Consumer of `Optional<byte[]>`.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Path>`
  `ofFile(Path file)`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` which stores the response body in a file opened with the given name.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Path>`
  `ofFile(Path file, OpenOption... openOptions)`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` which stores the response body in a file opened with the given options and name.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<InputStream>`
  `ofInputStream()`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` which streams the response body as an `InputStream`.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Stream<String>>`
  `ofLines(Charset charset)`
  Returns a `BodySubscriber` which streams the response body as a `Stream``<String>`, where each string in the stream corresponds to a line as defined by `BufferedReader.lines()`.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Flow.Publisher<List<ByteBuffer>>>`
  `ofPublisher()`
  Returns a response subscriber which publishes the response body through a `Publisher<List<ByteBuffer>>`.
  `static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<String>`
  `ofString(Charset charset)`
  Returns a body subscriber which stores the response body as a `String` converted using the given `Charset`.
  `static <U> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<U>`
  `replacing(U value)`
  Returns a response subscriber which discards the response body.

  ### Methods declared in class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- ## Method Details

  - ### fromSubscriber

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void> fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber<? super List<ByteBuffer>> subscriber)
    Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`. The completion stage of the returned body subscriber completes after one of the given subscribers `onComplete` or `onError` has been invoked.
    API Note:
      This method can be used as an adapter between `BodySubscriber` and `Flow.Subscriber`.
    Parameters:
      `subscriber` - the subscriber
    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### fromSubscriber

    public static <S extends Flow.Subscriber<? super List<ByteBuffer>>, T> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> fromSubscriber(S subscriber, Function<? super S, ? extends T> finisher)
    Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`. The completion stage of the returned body subscriber completes after one of the given subscribers `onComplete` or `onError` has been invoked.

    The given `finisher` function is applied after the given subscriber's `onComplete` has been invoked. The `finisher` function is invoked with the given subscriber, and returns a value that is set as the response's body.

    API Note:
      This method can be used as an adapter between `BodySubscriber` and `Flow.Subscriber`.
    Type Parameters:
      `S` - the type of the Subscriber
      `T` - the type of the response body
    Parameters:
      `subscriber` - the subscriber
      `finisher` - a function to be applied after the subscriber has completed
    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### fromLineSubscriber

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void> fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber<? super String> subscriber)
    Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`, line by line. The completion stage of the returned body subscriber completes after one of the given subscribers `onComplete` or `onError` has been invoked. Bytes are decoded using the `UTF-8` charset, and lines are delimited in the manner of `BufferedReader.readLine()`.
    API Note:
      This method can be used as an adapter between `BodySubscriber` and `Flow.Subscriber`.
    Implementation Note:
      This is equivalent to calling

          fromLineSubscriber(subscriber, s -> null, StandardCharsets.UTF_8, null)

    Parameters:
      `subscriber` - the subscriber
    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### fromLineSubscriber

    public static <S extends Flow.Subscriber<? super String>, T> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> fromLineSubscriber(S subscriber, Function<? super S, ? extends T> finisher, Charset charset, String lineSeparator)
    Returns a body subscriber that forwards all response body to the given `Flow.Subscriber`, line by line. The completion stage of the returned body subscriber completes after one of the given subscribers `onComplete` or `onError` has been invoked.

    The given `finisher` function is applied after the given subscriber's `onComplete` has been invoked. The `finisher` function is invoked with the given subscriber, and returns a value that is set as the response's body.

    API Note:
      This method can be used as an adapter between `BodySubscriber` and `Flow.Subscriber`.
    Type Parameters:
      `S` - the type of the Subscriber
      `T` - the type of the response body
    Parameters:
      `subscriber` - the subscriber
      `finisher` - a function to be applied after the subscriber has completed
      `charset` - a `Charset` to decode the bytes
      `lineSeparator` - an optional line separator: can be `null`, in which case lines will be delimited in the manner of `BufferedReader.readLine()`.
    Returns:
      a body subscriber
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if the supplied `lineSeparator` is the empty string

  - ### ofString

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<String> ofString(Charset charset)
    Returns a body subscriber which stores the response body as a `String` converted using the given `Charset`.

    The `HttpResponse` using this subscriber is available after the entire response has been read.

    Parameters:
      `charset` - the character set to convert the String with
    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### ofByteArray

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<byte[]> ofByteArray()
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` which stores the response body as a byte array.

    The `HttpResponse` using this subscriber is available after the entire response has been read.

    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### ofFile

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Path> ofFile(Path file, OpenOption... openOptions)
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` which stores the response body in a file opened with the given options and name. The file will be opened with the given options using `FileChannel.open` just before the body is read. Any exception thrown will be returned or thrown from `HttpClient::send` or `HttpClient::sendAsync` as appropriate.

    The `HttpResponse` using this subscriber is available after the entire response has been read.

    Parameters:
      `file` - the file to store the body in
      `openOptions` - the list of options to open the file with
    Returns:
      a body subscriber
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if an invalid set of open options are specified

  - ### ofFile

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Path> ofFile(Path file)
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` which stores the response body in a file opened with the given name.

    Equivalent to: `ofFile(file, CREATE, WRITE)`

    Parameters:
      `file` - the file to store the body in
    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### ofByteArrayConsumer

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void> ofByteArrayConsumer(Consumer<Optional<byte[]>> consumer)
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` which provides the incoming body data to the provided Consumer of `Optional<byte[]>`. Each call to `Consumer.accept()` will contain a non-empty `Optional`, except for the final invocation after all body data has been read, when the `Optional` will be empty.

    The `HttpResponse` using this subscriber is available after the entire response has been read.

    API Note:
      This subscriber is not flow controlled. Therefore, the supplied consumer must be able to process whatever amount of data is delivered in a timely fashion.
    Parameters:
      `consumer` - a Consumer of byte arrays
    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### ofInputStream

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<InputStream> ofInputStream()
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` which streams the response body as an `InputStream`.

    The `HttpResponse` using this subscriber is available immediately after the response headers have been read, without requiring to wait for the entire body to be processed. The response body can then be read directly from the `InputStream`.

    API Note:
      To ensure that all resources associated with the corresponding exchange are properly released the caller must ensure to either read all bytes until EOF is reached, or call `InputStream.close()` if it is unable or unwilling to do so. Calling `close` before exhausting the stream may cause the underlying HTTP connection to be closed and prevent it from being reused for subsequent operations.
    Implementation Note:
      The `read` method of the `InputStream` returned by the default implementation of this method will throw an `IOException` with the thread interrupt status set if the thread is interrupted while blocking on read. In that case, the request will also be cancelled and the `InputStream` will be closed.
    Returns:
      a streaming body subscriber which streams the response body as an `InputStream`.

  - ### ofLines

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Stream<String>> ofLines(Charset charset)
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` which streams the response body as a `Stream``<String>`, where each string in the stream corresponds to a line as defined by `BufferedReader.lines()`.

    The `HttpResponse` using this subscriber is available immediately after the response headers have been read, without requiring to wait for the entire body to be processed. The response body can then be read directly from the `Stream`.

    API Note:
      To ensure that all resources associated with the corresponding exchange are properly released the caller must ensure to either read all lines until the stream is exhausted, or call `BaseStream.close()` if it is unable or unwilling to do so. Calling `close` before exhausting the stream may cause the underlying HTTP connection to be closed and prevent it from being reused for subsequent operations.
    Parameters:
      `charset` - the character set to use when converting bytes to characters
    Returns:
      a streaming body subscriber which streams the response body as a `Stream``<String>`.
    See Also:
      - `BufferedReader.lines()`

  - ### ofPublisher

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Flow.Publisher<List<ByteBuffer>>> ofPublisher()
    Returns a response subscriber which publishes the response body through a `Publisher<List<ByteBuffer>>`.

    The `HttpResponse` using this subscriber is available immediately after the response headers have been read, without requiring to wait for the entire body to be processed. The response body bytes can then be obtained by subscribing to the publisher returned by the `HttpResponse` `body` method.

    The publisher returned by the `body` method can be subscribed to only once. The first subscriber will receive the body response bytes if successfully subscribed, or will cause the subscription to be cancelled otherwise. If more subscriptions are attempted, the subsequent subscribers will be immediately subscribed with an empty subscription and their `onError` method will be invoked with an `IllegalStateException`.

    API Note:
      To ensure that all resources associated with the corresponding exchange are properly released the caller must ensure that the provided publisher is subscribed once, and either requests all bytes until `onComplete` or `onError` are invoked, or cancel the provided subscription if it is unable or unwilling to do so. Note that depending on the actual HTTP protocol version used for the exchange, cancelling the subscription instead of exhausting the flow may cause the underlying HTTP connection to be closed and prevent it from being reused for subsequent operations.
    Returns:
      A publishing body subscriber which publishes the response body through a `Publisher<List<ByteBuffer>>`.

  - ### replacing

    public static <U> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<U> replacing(U value)
    Returns a response subscriber which discards the response body. The supplied value is the value that will be returned from `HttpResponse.body()`.
    Type Parameters:
      `U` - the type of the response body
    Parameters:
      `value` - the value to return from HttpResponse.body(), may be `null`
    Returns:
      a body subscriber

  - ### discarding

    public static HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<Void> discarding()
    Returns a response subscriber which discards the response body.
    Returns:
      a response body subscriber

  - ### buffering

    public static <T> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> buffering(HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> downstream, int bufferSize)
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` which buffers data before delivering it to the given downstream subscriber. The subscriber guarantees to deliver `bufferSize` bytes of data to each invocation of the downstream's `onNext` method, except for the final invocation, just before `onComplete` is invoked. The final invocation of `onNext` may contain fewer than `bufferSize` bytes.

    The returned subscriber delegates its `getBody()` method to the downstream subscriber.

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the type of the response body
    Parameters:
      `downstream` - the downstream subscriber
      `bufferSize` - the buffer size
    Returns:
      a buffering body subscriber
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `bufferSize <= 0`

  - ### mapping

    public static <T,U> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<U> mapping(HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> upstream, Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper)
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` whose response body value is that of the result of applying the given function to the body object of the given `upstream` `BodySubscriber`.

    The mapping function is executed using the client's executor, and can therefore be used to map any response body type, including blocking `InputStream`. However, performing any blocking operation in the mapper function runs the risk of blocking the executor's thread for an unknown amount of time (at least until the blocking operation finishes), which may end up starving the executor of available threads. Therefore, in the case where mapping to the desired type might block (e.g. by reading on the `InputStream`), then mapping to a `Supplier` of the desired type and deferring the blocking operation until `Supplier::get` is invoked by the caller's thread should be preferred, as shown in the following example which uses a well-known JSON parser to convert an `InputStream` into any annotated Java type.

    For example:

         public static <W> BodySubscriber<Supplier<W>> asJSON(Class<W> targetType) {
           BodySubscriber<InputStream> upstream = BodySubscribers.ofInputStream();

           BodySubscriber<Supplier<W>> downstream = BodySubscribers.mapping(
                 upstream,
                 (InputStream is) -> () -> {
                     try (InputStream stream = is) {
                         ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
                         return objectMapper.readValue(stream, targetType);
                     } catch (IOException e) {
                         throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
                     }
                 });
          return downstream;
        }

    Type Parameters:
      `T` - the upstream body type
      `U` - the type of the body subscriber returned
    Parameters:
      `upstream` - the body subscriber to be mapped
      `mapper` - the mapping function
    Returns:
      a mapping body subscriber

  - ### limiting

    public static <T> HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> limiting(HttpResponse.BodySubscriber<T> downstreamSubscriber, long capacity)
    Returns a `BodySubscriber` that limits the number of body bytes that are delivered to the given `downstreamSubscriber`.

    If the number of body bytes received exceeds the given `capacity`, `onError` is called on the downstream `BodySubscriber` with an `IOException` indicating that the capacity is exceeded, and the upstream subscription is cancelled.

    Parameters:
      `downstreamSubscriber` - the downstream subscriber to pass received data to
      `capacity` - the maximum number of bytes that are allowed
    Returns:
      a `BodySubscriber` that limits the number of body bytes that are delivered to the given `downstreamSubscriber`
    Throws:
      `IllegalArgumentException` - if `capacity` is negative
    Since:
      25