# dpkg manual page - deb-changes(5)
#
# Copyright © 1995-1996 Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
# Copyright © 2010 Russ Allbery <rra@debian.org>
# Copyright © 2015 Guillem Jover <guillem@debian.org>
#
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

=encoding utf8

=head1 NAME

deb-changes - Debian upload changes control file format

=head1 SYNOPSIS

I<filename>B<.changes>

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Each Debian upload is composed of a .changes control file, which
contains a number of fields in L<deb822(5)> format.

Each field begins with a tag, such as
B<Source>
or
B<Binary>
(case insensitive), followed by a colon, and the body of the field
(case sensitive unless stated otherwise).
Fields are delimited only by field tags.
In other words, field text may be multiple lines in length, but the
installation tools will generally join lines when processing the body
of the field (except in case of the multiline fields
B<Description>, B<Changes>, B<Files>, B<Checksums-Sha1>
and
B<Checksums-Sha256>,
see below).

The control data might be enclosed in an OpenPGP ASCII Armored signature,
as specified in RFC9580.

=head1 FIELDS

=over

=item B<Format:> I<format-version> (required)

The value of this field declares the format version of the file.
The syntax of the field value is a version number with a major and minor
component.
Backward incompatible changes to the format will bump the major version,
and backward compatible changes (such as field additions) will bump the
minor version.
The current format version is B<1.8>.

=item B<Date:> I<release-date> (required)

The date the package was built or last edited.
It must be in the same format as the date in a L<deb-changelog(5)>
entry.

The value of this field is usually extracted from the I<debian/changelog>
file.

=item B<Source:> I<source-name> [B<(>I<source-version>B<)>] (required)

The name of the source package.
If the source version differs from the binary version, then the
I<source-name> will be followed by a I<source-version> in parenthesis.
This can happen when the upload is a binary-only non-maintainer upload.

=item B<Binary:> I<binary-package-list> (required in context)

This folded field is a space-separated list of binary packages to upload.
If the upload is source-only, then the field is omitted (since dpkg 1.19.3).

=item B<Architecture:> I<arch-list>

Lists the architectures of the files currently being uploaded.

Common architectures are B<amd64>, B<armel>, B<i386>, etc.
Note that the special B<all> value is meant for packages that are
architecture independent (such as shell and Perl scripts or documentation).
If the source for the package is also being uploaded, the special entry
B<source> is also present.

B<Note:> Architecture wildcards are not allowed in this context.

=item B<Version:> I<version-string> (required)

Typically, this is the original package's version number in whatever form
the program's author uses.
It may also include a Debian revision number (for non-native packages).
The exact format and sorting algorithm are described in
L<deb-version(7)>.

B<Note>: On some vendors,
dpkg has been made to permit native sources with non-native versions,
making this incoherent and adding to the confusion of the concept,
where in addition this tends to be a trap for accidental mistakes.

=item B<Distribution:> I<distribution>s (required)

Lists one or more space-separated distributions where this version should
be installed when it is uploaded to the archive.

=item B<Urgency:> I<urgency> (recommended)

The urgency of the upload.
The currently known values, in increasing order of urgency, are:
B<low>, B<medium>, B<high>, B<critical> and B<emergency>.

=item B<Maintainer:> I<fullname-email> (required)

Should be in the format “Joe Bloggs E<lt>jbloggs@example.orgE<gt>”, and is
typically the person who created the package, as opposed to the author of
the software that was packaged.

=item B<Changed-By:> I<fullname-email>

Should be in the format “Joe Bloggs E<lt>jbloggs@example.orgE<gt>”, and is
typically the person who prepared the package changes for this release.

=item B<Description:> (recommended)

=item S< >I<binary-package-name> B<-> I<binary-package-summary>

This multiline field contains a list of binary package names followed by
a space, a dash (‘B<->’) and their possibly truncated short
descriptions.
If the upload is source-only, then the field is omitted (since dpkg 1.19.3).

=item B<Closes:> I<bug-number-list>

A space-separated list of bug report numbers for bug reports that have been
resolved with this upload.
The distribution archive software might use this field to automatically
close the referred bug numbers in the distribution bug tracking system.

=item B<Binary-Only: yes>

This field denotes that the upload is a binary-only non-maintainer build.
It originates from the B<binary-only=yes> key/value from the changelog
metadata entry.

=item B<Built-For-Profiles:> I<profile-list>

This field specifies a whitespace separated list of build profiles that
this upload was built with.

=item B<Changes:> (required)

=item S< >I<changelog-entries>

This multiline field contains the concatenated text of all changelog
entries that are part of the upload.
To make this a valid multiline field empty lines are replaced with a
single full stop (‘.’) and all lines are indented by one space
character.
The exact content depends on the changelog format.

=item B<Files:> (required)

=item S< >I<md5sum> I<size> I<section> I<priority> I<filename>

This multiline field contains a list of files with an md5sum, size, section
and priority for each one.

The first line of the field value (the part on the same line as the field
name followed by a colon) is always empty.
The content of the field is expressed as continuation lines, one line per file.
Each line consists of space-separated entries describing the file:
the md5sum, the file size, the file section, the file priority, and
the file name.

If the section is omitted in the source package template control file,
it defaults to B<unknown>
(since dpkg 1.22.13).

If the priority is omitted in the source package template control file,
it defaults to B<optional>
(since dpkg 1.22.13).

This field lists all files that make up the upload.
The list of files in this field must match the list of files in the
other related B<Checksums> fields.

B<Note>: The MD5 checksum is considered weak,
and should never be assumed to be sufficient for secure verification,
but this field cannot be omitted as it provides metadata not available
anywhere else.

=item B<Checksums-Sha1:> (required, weak)

=item B<Checksums-Sha256:> (required, strong)

=item S< >I<checksum> I<size> I<filename>

These multiline fields contain a list of files with a checksum and size
for each one.
These fields have the same syntax and differ only in the checksum algorithm
used: SHA-1 for B<Checksums-Sha1> and SHA-256 for B<Checksums-Sha256>.

The first line of the field value (the part on the same line as the field
name followed by a colon) is always empty.
The content of the field is expressed as continuation lines, one line per file.
Each line consists of space-separated entries describing the file:
the checksum, the file size, and the file name.

These fields list all files that make up the upload.
The list of files in these fields must match the list of files in the
B<Files> field and the other related B<Checksums> fields.

B<Note>: The SHA-1 checksum is considered weak,
and should never be assumed to be sufficient for secure verification.

=back

=head1 BUGS

The B<Files> field is inconsistent with the other B<Checksums> fields.
The B<Changed-By> and B<Maintainer> fields have confusing names.
The B<Distribution> field contains information about what is commonly
referred to as a suite.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<deb822(5)>,
L<deb-src-control(5)>,
L<deb-version(7)>.
